Cryptography: Private and Public Key Encryption, Uses of Encryption; Network Security: threats, controls – Encryption, Authentication, Network Security tools (Firewalls, Intrusion Detection); Program Security: non-malicious program errors such as buffer overflow, viruses, other malicious code, targeted malicious code, controls against program threats; Protection in Operating Systems: protected objects, methods of protection, access control, authentication; Web Security; Data security and privacy; Forensics and Incident response; Security Policies and Procedures.